企业级Apache详解
安装Apache
#Apache安装
rpm -qa|grep httpd
yum install httpd
#2编译安装： -->推荐安装
cd /root/software
yum -y install gcc+ gcc-c++
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
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wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.4.5.tar.gz
tar -zxf apr-1.4.5.tar.gz
cd apr-1.4.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
echo $?
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wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.3.12.tar.gz
tar -zxf apr-util-1.3.12.tar.gz
cd apr-util-1.3.12
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util -with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
make && make install
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wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.10/pcre-8.10.zip
unzip -o pcre-8.10.zip
cd pcre-8.10
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install
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wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz
tar xf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.4.27
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --enable-deflate --enable-expires --enable-headers --enable-modules=most --enable-so --with-mpm=worker
make;make install
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启动服务前的测试：
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
启动服务
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
==>/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd start
lsof -i:80 -->查看端口
ps -fe|grep httpd -->查看进程
平滑启动服务：
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful (没有横杠)
浏览器显示：
http://192.168.25.135/ -->It works
问题解决：关闭selinux, 关闭iptables,查看端口80，查看进程httpd，curl 192.168.25.135查看帮助：
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
查看模块列表
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -l
查看首页
cd /usr/local/apache/conf
grep -i documentroot httpd.conf
-->DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
cat ../htdocs/index.html
-->It works
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主配置文件学习 -->详情参考主配置说明
cd /usr/local/apache
grep -Ev "#|^$" /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf > /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.ori
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conf下重要文件：
cd /usr/local/apache/conf/extra
httpd-vhosts.conf -->基于域名的配置文件
httpd-mpm.conf -->主要的工作模式
httpd-default.conf -->默认配置
虚拟主机配置
虚拟主机配置: 部署多个站点，每个站点，希望用多个域名和站点目录，或者不同的端口，不同IP
==》一个WEB服务，配置多个网站，就需要虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
虚拟主机分类：
a.基于域名(最常用的)
.基于端口
c.基于IP的
基于域名的配置：
需求：配置3个站点
域名 站点目录
www.ftl.com /var/html/www
www.blog.ftl.com /var/html/blog
www.bbs.ftl.com /var/html/bbs
创建站点目录
mkdir -p /var/html/{bbs,blog,www}
touch /var/html/{bbs,blog,www}/index.html
for name in {bbs,blog,www}; do echo "this is www.$name.ftl.com" >/var/html/$name/index.html; done;
for name in {bbs,blog,www}; do cat /var/html/$name/index.html; done;
编辑Linux虚拟主机文件
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
ServerName www.ftl.com
ServerAlias ftl.com
ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/www-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
启用虚拟主机(取消注释)
使用vhost和mpm
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
查看httpd.conf开启的配置
grep "^Include" /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
添加新的站点配置(原配置只针对默认站点生效，不配置会有403错误)
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
#add one and three are valid
<Directory "/var/html">
#not show the level of Dir
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
检查语法：
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
重启服务：(前面的进程结束后再重新启动下一次进程)
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
放在init.dl里面：
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful /etc/init.d/httpd
service httpd graceful
Win配置host解析
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
192.168.25.135 www.ftl.com ftl.com
192.168.25.135 www.blog.ftl.com blog.ftl.com
192.168.25.135 www.bbs.ftl.com bbs.ftl.com
检查hosts解析是否成功
ping www.ftl.com -->返回190.168.25.135即为成功
页面浏览器访问
http://www.blog.ftl.com/
http://www.bbs.ftl.com/
http://www.ftl.com/
基于端口的访问：
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
搜索Listen,同时复制多个Listen,用于监听不同的端口
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
配置监听端口和虚拟IP端口
NameVirtualHost *:8000 -->注意此处，更改端口为8000
<VirtualHost *:8000> -->注意此处，更改端口为8000
ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
ServerName www.hhh.com
ServerAlias hhh.com
ErrorLog "logs/hhh-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/hhh-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
测试，请重启服务
基于IP的访问：
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
搜索Listen，增加配置
Listen 10.0.0.3:82
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
配置监听端口和虚拟IP端口
NameVirtualHost *:80 -->注意此处
<VirtualHost 10.0.0.3:80> -->更改此处，更改为IP即可
ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
ServerName 10.0.0.3 -->更改此处，更改为IP即可
ServerAlias hhh.com
ErrorLog "logs/hhh-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/hhh-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
测试，请重启服务
解决FQDN问题：
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
配置：
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
测试请重启服务
ervice httpd -t
ervice httpd graceful
Apache下重要目录
pache下重要目录
[root@lamp01 apache]# tree ../apache/ -L 2
../apache/
├── bin
│?? ├── ab #Apache服务器性能测试工具，简单，易用
│?? ├── apachectl #Apache的启动命令
│?? ├── apxs #Apache服务器编译和安装扩展模块工具，在进行DSO方式的会用到
#后面编译php软件的时候会用到 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/bin/apxs
│?? ├── htcacheclean #清理磁盘缓存，很少用
│?? ├── htdbm #建立和更新基本认证文件，配置nagios等监控服务
│?? ├── httpd #apache的控制命令程序，apachectl执行会调用
│?? └── rotatelogs #apache自带的日志轮询工具，但是可用cronolog代替
├── build
│?
├── conf
│?? ├── extra #额外的apache配置文件目录，httpd-vhosts.conf默认在此
│?? ├── httpd.conf #主配置文件
├── error
├── htdocs #默认站点文件，修改httpd.conf里面默认参数 -->Directoryindex index.html
│?? └── index.html
├── icons
├── include
├── logs #默认的日志文件
│?? ├── access_log
│?? ├── error_log
│?? └── httpd.pid #httpd服务器启动后会把所有的进程ID写到此
├── man
│?? ├── man1
│?? └── man8
├── manual
└── modules #apache的模块目录，后续编译的php等模块均在此
└── httpd.exp
Apache日志学习分析
1.日志分类
通用日志(CommonLogFormat) -->默认
组合日志(CombinedLogFormat) -->工作中常见
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin 623799533@qeq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"
ServerName www.blog.ftl.com
ServerAlias blog.ftl.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" combined -->更改此处即可调用主配置里面的格式
</VirtualHost>
2.Cronolog_Apache日志轮询
0.0 常规下所有的日志都在一个文件里面，所以我们希望日志轮询，按天查看
1.1 自带的rotatelogs工具：
2.1 安装cronolog
cronolog安装配置非常简单，下载后只需要输入几个命令即可完成。
wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd cronolog-1.6.2
./configure
make; make install
查看cronolog安装后所在目录（验证安装是否成功）
which cronolog
/usr/local/sbin/cronolog
2.2 配置轮询日志
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin 623799533@qeq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"
ServerName www.blog.ftl.com
ServerAlias blog.ftl.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d_log" combined -->更改此处即可调用主配置里面的格式
</VirtualHost>
说明：按照天轮询配置：CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d_log" combined
安装小时轮询：CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d%H_log" combined
2.3重启服务
service httpd -t
service httpd graceful
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Apache 日志分析：
awk '{print $1}' www-access_20170905_log |sort|uniq -c|sort -rn -k1|head -1
awk '{++S[$1]} END {for (key in S) print S[key], key }' www-access_20170905_log |sort -rn -k1