fedora12下安装oracle11客户端
How to install oracle-client(v11) in fedora12
joeblackzqq@163.com 2011-3-21
目标：将oracle-client(v11)安装到”/opt/oracle/”下
准备好如下三个安装包，放在某个目录下，如：/root/software/oracle
[root@localhost oracle]# pwd
/root/software/oracle
[root@localhost oracle]# l
oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm // 这个是SDK开发包
oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
[root@localhost oracle]#
创建目标文件夹（oracle将安装在/opt/下）
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir oracle
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir oracle/network oracle/sdk
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir oracle/network/admi
解压其中2个rpm包（basic, sqlplus)
[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/software/oracle
[root@localhost oracle]# pwd
/root/software/oracle
[root@localhost oracle]# l
oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
[root@localhost oracle]# rpm2cpio oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm | cpio -div
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/bin/adrci
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/bin/genezi
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libnnz11.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libocci.so.11.1
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libociei.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libocijdbc11.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/ojdbc5.jar
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/ojdbc6.jar
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/xstreams.jar
336597 块
[root@localhost oracle]# rpm2cpio oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm | cpio -div
./usr/bin/sqlplu
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/bin/sqlplu
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/glogin.sql
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libsqlplus.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libsqlplusic.so
5321 块
[root@localhost oracle]# l
oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm
usr
将解压出来的usr目录下的bin和lib移动到/opt/oracle/下，再删除usr目录：
[root@localhost oracle]# mv usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/bin /opt/oracle/
[root@localhost oracle]# mv usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib /opt/oracle/
[root@localhost oracle]# rm -rf usr
解压剩下的rpm包(devel)
[root@localhost oracle]# rpm2cpio oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.2.0.i386.rpm | cpio -div
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ldap.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/nzerror.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/nzt.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occi.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occiAQ.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occiCommon.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occiControl.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occiData.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/occiObjects.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/oci.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/oci1.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/oci8dp.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ociap.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ociapr.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocidef.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocidem.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocidfn.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ociextp.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocikpr.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocixmldb.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ocixstream.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/odci.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/oratypes.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ori.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/orid.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/orl.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/oro.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/ort.h
./usr/include/oracle/11.2/client/xa.h
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libclntsh.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/libocci.so
./usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/ottclasses.zi
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/cdemo81.c
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/demo.mk
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/occidemo.sql
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/occidemod.sql
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/occidml.c
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/occiobj.c
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/occiobj.ty
./usr/share/oracle/11.2/client/ott
3833 块
[root@localhost oracle]#
将上面解压后的usr目录下所有文件移动到/opt/oracel/sdk下，删除无用的目录usr
[root@localhost oracle]# mv usr/* /opt/oracle/sdk/
[root@localhost oracle]# rm -rf usr
至此，oracle11的客户端安装完成，接下来进行配置
7.1 添加环境变量，在文件/etc/profile末尾添加如下两行：
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/li
7.2 启用刚才的设置
[root@localhost oracle]# source /etc/profile
通过echo $ORACLE_HOME可以查看刚才添加的环境变量是否已启用，如：
[root@localhost oracle]# echo $ORACLE_HOME
/opt/oracle
可见，已经启用成功！
配置监听器和网络
因为本地没有安装oracle数据库，所以需要从安装oracle数据库的目录弄三个文件过来，分别是：listener.ora sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora ，放到/opt/oracle/network/admin下
修改文件tnsnames.ora如下：
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: D:\DB\Oracle10g\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = Loveme)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
yuan =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
10. 修改listener.ora:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:\DB\Oracle10g\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle)
// 对应$ORACLE_HOME
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
11. 所有配置完成，接着测试是否可连接上远程的oracle数据库
[root@localhost bin]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/oracle/bi
[root@localhost bin]# l
adrci genezi sqlplu
[root@localhost bin]# sqlplu
ash: sqlplus: command not found // 这表示找不到sqlplus命令，还需要配置
事实上，ORACLE_HOME等都已经配置好了，但为什么还不行呢？记得windows系统下的环境变量path吗，只有这些目录下的可执行文件是可以直接在cmd窗口下运行的。所以我们先来看下当前系统下path变量的值吧：
[root@localhost bin]# echo $PATH
/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/lib/ccache:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/root/bi
可见，“/opt/oracle/bin”并不在$PATH下，所以sqlplus命令无法直接运行。因此，只要将“/opt/oracle/bin”加进$PATH下就可以了（未尝试）。但是，我采用了如下的办法来解决：
#ln -s /opt/oracle/bin/sqlplus /usr/bin // 建立sqlplus文件的软连接到/usr/bin下
这样，sqlplus命令就可以直接在终端执行了。
但是仔细一运行，发现还是有错误：
./sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnnz11.so: cannot enable executable stack as shared object requires: Permission denied
网上搜索了下，找到如下的答案（来源：http://seven.blog.51cto.com/120537/60173）
[oracle@linux5 bin]$ sqlplus /nolog
qlplus: error while loading shared libraries: /u01/oracle/lib/libnnz11.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied
Linux下执行程序时发生错误: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied
原来这是SELinux搞的鬼，解决办法有两个
1. 使用chcon 命令
示例: chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/rsi/idl_6.1/bin/bin.linux.x86/*.so
2. 禁止掉SELinux
更改/etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件的内容为 SELINUX=disabled
于是，修改文件/etc/sysconfig/selinux，将SELINUX改为disabled.
再次运行sqlplus，发现结果还是一样，还是一样的错误。这时，我看到SELinux仍然在运行着，想想可能还是它的错，既然不知道怎么关闭，就重启吧。重启后，果真可以成功登录远程oracle数据库了：
[root@localhost ~]# sqlplus scott/scott@yua
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 23:02:44 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Productio
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optio
SQL> select sysdate from dual
SYSDATE
---------
20-MAR-11
SQL>
哈哈，把SELinux关闭后，发现我的网络再也不会经常掉线了，而且QQ也可以成功登录了！原来这一切都是SELinux搞的鬼。难怪我虚拟机下的QQ就可以一直正常登录，也不掉线，因为那里的SELinux默认是没有启动的。